I think a recent example of talent identification and bringing players into a pathway were the Sevens programs (Womans in particular) which have and do continue to pull in athletes/sports people from a wide range of places. The lack of any established pathways, especially early on really forced this and highlighted how many great players likely get missed due to failure to identify and provide appropriate levels of training/coaching.
I think unfortunately if a player doesn't stand out at an early age they often get lost, with a seeming inability to have clear pathways for the next step coupled with the reality that you need to market your sport to young athletes vs. all the other things they could be doing with their time.
I'm not sure I entirely agree re: the loosing talent and then paying to get them back. There is also a cost involved in developing players, even if it's an opportunity cost of not developing another. Paying top dollar for a proven player whilst expensive takes all the risk away from gauging an unknown/hard quantity - maybe this player will evolve into a superstar or not and the truth is, if they do, they will command top dollar to be retained anyway. You being the one that develops them, doesn't me you wont have to pay their worth eventually. Look at the pay players like Pocock and Hooper etc.. have commanded over their careers.