As for the arguments about ACTUAL hate crimes, yes they took place and still take place, but supressing speech which is not actually inciting any action is a pathway to radicalise the fringes as they seek excuses as to why the "centre" is so corrupt action can be justified to their warped senses.
Gnostic, perhaps the fundamental difference we have is on what suppression of speech is. You appear to have a more liberal take on free-speech and correct me if I'm wrong, but nothing should inhibit it. Whereas, I believe (and I would say that the original Australian law makers agree) that there are limits. For instance, we afford protection to people who's reputations have been harmed due to simply false and derogatory words/statements in defamation.
I again don't see how Folau is being suppressed in his ability to convey the teachings of his faith. His employers said he can keep practicing and informing the world of his views, but the way he frames it needs to be a positive one, not a negative. If Folau was being suppressed, he would not be allowed to say anything about being a Christian. So, if he can convey his message albeit framed in a more pleasant way, no suppression is occurring.
So because of the sensitivities of transgender people we cannot discuss the very likely situation of corrupt individuals taking advantage of a system which allows them to set themselves up for life financially. The risk is virtually nil but the reward great.
This I feel is a bit of different topic and is something I agree with you (and Haidt) on. That we shouldn't limit discussion based on causing offence.
I believe this is similar but different in Folau's situation. A large portion of our society has grown up being told that being Gay means there's something wrong with you. As a result, if you come across a gay person, you need to fix them or let them know they're sick an need help. So, by allowing Folau to continue to tell the world there is something wrong with this class of people it not acceptable.
The issue isn't that Folau caused offence, its that he continues to tell the world that being Gay is not right.
Call him out on any number of doctrinal hypocrisies.
I feel that's what people are trying to do, but because it's such a heated conversation messages are getting lost in translation. It also doesn't help that extremes on both sides stoke the fires making things so much worse.
In any event, why should we protect what someone chooses to believe? Why is someone's faith need to be hands off from society?
Other aspects of our lives call out these types of beliefs. For example, those who don't vaccinate their children in fear of Austim are no longer allowed in child care centres. Their faith in the link between vaccines and austim is about as strong as there being a god in the sky, so why do we accept one and not the other.