And I thought the Laws of Rugby were overly complicated?There's the alternative take on it which is that modernity was actually postmodernity in its development.
But actually, I think there are good reasons to believe that certain shifts have taken place. Principally, that certain ideals of the Enlightenment (science, rationality, human progress) have been colonised by capitalism. And that market forces have a strange flattening effect, where all things become the same, no matter how eclectic.
There's also the view that World War II marked the loss of faith in progress through science and reason. The Holocaust marks an excess of reason, and Hiroshima an excess of technology. Since then, it has been hard to believe in the idea that humanity will continuously improve towards a grand rational future.
The Holocaust marks an excess of reason,
I've spent a couple of decades apologising for being an economist. Now I don't feel so defensive. It seems that other disciplines are infested with even greater nonsense.
Bauman's most famous book, Modernity and the Holocaust, is an attempt to give a full account of the dangers of these kinds of fears. Drawing upon Hannah Arendt and Theodor Adorno's books on totalitarianism and the Enlightenment, Bauman developed the argument that the Holocaust should not simply be considered to be an event in Jewish history, nor a regression to pre-modern barbarism. Rather, he argued, the Holocaust should be seen as deeply connected to modernity and its order-making efforts. Procedural rationality, the division of labour into smaller and smaller tasks, the taxonomic categorisation of different species, and the tendency to view rule-following as morally good all played their role in the Holocaust coming to pass. And he argued that for this reason modern societies have not fully taken on board the lessons of the Holocaust; it is generally viewed - to use Bauman's metaphor - like a picture hanging on a wall, offering few lessons. In Bauman's analysis the Jews became 'strangers' par excellence in Europe[9]; the Final Solution was pictured by him as an extreme example of the attempts made by societies to excise the uncomfortable and indeterminate elements existing within them. Bauman, like the philosopher Giorgio Agamben, contended that the same processes of exclusion that were at work in the Holocaust could, and to an extent do, still come into play today.
Really? An excess of reason seems an obvious idea to me, but maybe that's because my wife keeps telling me to stop being so rational all the time.
If anyone can be bothered, something like this discusses it: http://books.google.com.au/books?id...onepage&q=holocaust reason postmodern&f=false
The first paragraph of page 10 explains it totally clearly to me. But you would need to understand that academic language has jargon just like any other small field of experts. What it says is that whilst Habermas sees fascism as a reaction against modernity, we actually see the Holocaust (particularly, the Final Solution) as a kind of high rationality, an exact and mechanical execution of logic.
If you've got time to read a whole book, then this would seem to be the one: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/literature/9780199265930/toc.html
From Wikipedia: Bauman's most famous book, Modernity and the Holocaust, is an attempt to give a full account of the dangers of these kinds of fears. Drawing upon Hannah Arendt and Theodor Adorno's books on totalitarianism and the Enlightenment, Bauman developed the argument that the Holocaust should not simply be considered to be an event in Jewish history, nor a regression to pre-modern barbarism. Rather, he argued, the Holocaust should be seen as deeply connected to modernity and its order-making efforts. Procedural rationality, the division of labour into smaller and smaller tasks, the taxonomic categorisation of different species, and the tendency to view rule-following as morally good all played their role in the Holocaust coming to pass. And he argued that for this reason modern societies have not fully taken on board the lessons of the Holocaust; it is generally viewed - to use Bauman's metaphor - like a picture hanging on a wall, offering few lessons. In Bauman's analysis the Jews became 'strangers' par excellence in Europe[9]; the Final Solution was pictured by him as an extreme example of the attempts made by societies to excise the uncomfortable and indeterminate elements existing within them. Bauman, like the philosopher Giorgio Agamben, contended that the same processes of exclusion that were at work in the Holocaust could, and to an extent do, still come into play today.
Fuck, wasn't that a load of old pretentious shit?